Episode: 38 Xenogenesis - Adulthood-Rites: II: PHOENIX Chapters 14 & 15

XenoThesis

In episode 38, Richard and Michael really quickly go off tangent about cephalopods.

Timestamps

00:00:00 - Start
00:00:32 - Welcome
00:01:18 - Chapter 14 predictions
00:02:14 - Michael notices a pattern on types of character in the book
00:03:10 - Chapter 14 summary begins
00:04:14 - Eyes and evolution [1 - 3]
00:08:09 - Cephalopods and camouflage [4 - 12]
00:11:10 - Blue colour in nature [13 - 15]*
00:13:21 - Cephalopods again [4 - 12]**
00:28:03 - Back to Chapter 14
00:29:30 - New psychopath in the story
00:38:43 - Chapter 15 predictions
00:40:12 - Chapter 15 summary begins
00:42:01 - Akin and Human Akjai
00:48:02 - Parabiosis and oxygen exchange [16 - 23]
00:57:12 - Back to Chapter 15 (Lilith’s appreciation)
01:05:03 - Akin and Tate’s delusions
01:11:00 - Chapter 15 finishes
01:12:25 - Chapter 16 predictions
01:13:21 - Was Akin left on purpose?
01:17:50 - Outro

References

Eyes:

• [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2017226 - A very nice article about the evolution of the eyes in nature.
• [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_eye - Wikipedia article with more general diagrams and info.
• [3] https://thehumanevolutionblog.com/2015/01/12/the-poor-design-of-the-human-eye/ - A blog that summarises nicely about the poor design of the eye.

Cephalopods **We could not find any references about the evolution of one or two skin layers in cephalopods or other animals that Michael asks Richard about. This could be due to the lack of fossils that we could study and also the fact that cephalopods evolved in Cambrian period (540 million years ago).

• [4] https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cephalopod-camouflage-cells-and-organs-of-the-144048968/ - A Nature article about the camouflage in cephalopods.
• [5] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08891-x - A primary article investigating the cephalopod chromatophore organs.
• [6] https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/how-octopuses-and-squids-change-color - A brief article talking more about the change of colour in octopuses.
• [7] https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822%2807%2901138-4.pdf - A Cell article going into more detail about the patterns and their influence on the camouflage in octopuses.
• [8] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wtLrlIKvJE - A video from Deep Look showing the pigment changes in the cells of the skin in cephalopods.
• [9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pJPnZFSy5o - A very relaxing video of the skin cell pigments still being active after the death of a squid.
• [10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other_Minds:_The_Octopus,_the_Sea,_and_the_Deep_Origins_of_Consciousness - Other Minds by Peter Godfrey-Smith that Richard references abotu octopuses’ nervous system and camouflage as well as their awful behaviour towards scientists.
• [11] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.00952/full - Very detailed and complex review on the cephalopod brains.
• [12] https://oxfordre.com/neuroscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264086-e-181 - Another article about cephalopod nervous system.

Blue colour in nature: *Michael would like to clarify in here that of course in nature there are blue pigments and colours. What he specifically meant here is that colour blue is very rare in the animal kingdom and often it is some physical property of the surface of the plant or animal surface that causes a reflection of specific light wavelengths. Of course, there are a lot of synthetic blue molecules but in here Michael was mostly talking about pigments that occur in plants and animals.

• [13] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3g246c6Bv58 - Video Michael was referencing about the colour blue in butterflies.
• [14] https://colourlex.com/pigments/pigment-timelines/timeline-blue-pigments/ - A very interesting website about colours and pigments - this link specifically leads to the history of blue pigment.
• [15] https://sciences.adelaide.edu.au/news/list/2019/08/20/why-is-the-colour-blue-so-rare-in-nature - Why is blue so rare in nature.

Parabiosis:

• [16] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662775/ - A nice review article about the origins of parabiosis.
• [17] https://www.nature.com/articles/517426a - Another article about parabiosis.
• [18] https://academic.oup.com/endo/article/140/1/138/2990376 - Article that Michael mentions about diabetic mice.

Oxygen exchange:

• [19] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54103/ - A chapter from a book about oxygen transport.
• [20] https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap2/chapter/transport-of-gasesno-content/ - A simpler overview of gaseous exchange.
• [21] https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/12/5/251/289041 - Another article about gaseous exchange.
• [22] http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/CourseTutorials/bb/Hemoglobin/151_T3_hemoglobin.htm - More chemical overview of the changes that take places in haemoglobin during gaseous exchange.
• [23] https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/45/1/227 - Review on physiological basis of pulmonary gaseous exchange.

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